Le hockey sur glace au Canada
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Compréhension écrite : Le hockey sur glace au Canada
Le hockey sur glace est un sport d'équipe qui se joue sur une patinoire. Il a été inventé au Canada au xixe siècle. Chaque équipe doit marquer des buts en envoyant un palet dans la cage de l'équipe adverse, grâce à une crosse. C'est un sport de vitesse qui peut être violent et dangereux. Depuis 1920, c'est devenu une discipline olympique.The History of Hockey
« Although casual games were played on makeshift ice skates in northern Europe during the Middle Ages, it was not until the 19th century that the modern sport of ice hockey truly began to emerge. (… In) North America in the early 1800s some Indigenous peoples also played a game using field tools that were curved at the lower end, a derivation of the Irish game of hurling. This game evolved into an informal game on ice called shinny or shinty. French explorers who watched the Indigenous peoples' improvised ball-and-stick games attached the French word for the similarly shaped shepherd's crook, hoquet—hockey.
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That game was played in 1875 at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec. Although the original game called for nine men on each side, the number of players could vary from one community to another. Soon a committee met in Montreal to establish regulations for seven-man teams.
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All hockey in Canada at the time was played by amateurs. It was seen as 'ungentlemanly' to receive payment for playing a sport. Thus, the first professional hockey league was formed in the United States. The International Pro Hockey League was established in Houghton, Michigan, in 1904. Canada accepted professional hockey in 1908 when the Ontario Professional Hockey League was formed. (…)
The rules and equipment of hockey evolved as problems cropped up and as rougher play made certain types of injuries more common. Some rule changes, such as eliminating the rover in 1911, were intended to enhance game play, increase scoring, or otherwise make the game more exciting. Other changes were aimed at decreasing injuries and violence. Penalties against fighting and certain types of hitting were introduced over the years, and new safety equipment was required. »
(…)
That game was played in 1875 at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec. Although the original game called for nine men on each side, the number of players could vary from one community to another. Soon a committee met in Montreal to establish regulations for seven-man teams.
(…)
All hockey in Canada at the time was played by amateurs. It was seen as 'ungentlemanly' to receive payment for playing a sport. Thus, the first professional hockey league was formed in the United States. The International Pro Hockey League was established in Houghton, Michigan, in 1904. Canada accepted professional hockey in 1908 when the Ontario Professional Hockey League was formed. (…)
The rules and equipment of hockey evolved as problems cropped up and as rougher play made certain types of injuries more common. Some rule changes, such as eliminating the rover in 1911, were intended to enhance game play, increase scoring, or otherwise make the game more exciting. Other changes were aimed at decreasing injuries and violence. Penalties against fighting and certain types of hitting were introduced over the years, and new safety equipment was required. »
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